منابع مشابه
Solving Asset Pricing Models with Stochastic Dynamic Programming
The study of asset price characteristics of stochastic growth models such as the riskfree interest rate, equity premium and the Sharpe ratio has been limited by the lack of global and accurate methods to solve dynamic optimization models. In this paper a stochastic version of a dynamic programming method with adaptive grid scheme is applied to compute the above mentioned asset price characteris...
متن کاملDynamic Pricing, Procurement, and Channel Coordination with Stochastic Learning
We consider a decentralized two-period supply chain in which a manufacturer produces a product and sells it through a retailer facing a price-dependent demand. We assume that the secondperiod production cost declines linearly in the first-period production, but with a random learning rate. As the mean and/or the standard deviation of the learning rate increase, the traditional double marginaliz...
متن کاملDynamic Facility Location with Stochastic Demand
Determination of facilities, such as factories or warehouses, location and availability conditions is one of the important and strategic decisions for an organization to make. Transportation costs that form a major part of goods price are dependent to this decision making. There are verity of methods have been presented to achieve the optimal locations of these facilities which are generally de...
متن کاملReference pricing with endogenous generic entry.
Reference pricing intends to reduce pharmaceutical expenditures by increasing demand elasticity and stimulating generic competition. We develop a novel model where a brand-name producer competes in prices with several generics producers in a market with brand-biased and brand-neutral consumers. Comparing with coinsurance, we show that reference pricing, contrary to policy makers' intentions, di...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: The Review of Economic Studies
سال: 1976
ISSN: 0034-6527
DOI: 10.2307/2296603